Caption transcript for The First Christians (2019): “Birth” (1/9)

• 00:01 Jeffrey Seif: Thirty years a Bible college and seminary
• 00:03 professor, I've spent a lifetime looking at the early church.
• 00:08 We're gonna spend a half an hour doing it now in this program
• 00:12 and in this series.
• 00:20 male announcer: "Brethren, my heart's desire and prayer
• 00:22 to God for Israel is that they might be saved.
• 00:26 For there is no difference between the Jew and the Greek:
• 00:29 for the same Lord over all is rich unto all
• 00:32 that call upon him."
• 00:34 "Zola Levitt Presents."
• 00:40 ♪♪♪
• 00:52 David Hart: We're so glad you've joined us on
• 00:54 "Zola Levitt Presents" today.
• 00:55 I'm David Hart.
• 00:57 Kirsten Hart: I'm Kirsten Hart.
• 00:58 Jeffrey: And I'm Jeffrey Seif, and we are going back
• 01:01 in time to century 1, correct?
• 01:03 Kirsten: We are and back in time with our founder,
• 01:06 Zola Levitt.
• 01:08 This first aired, and I think it was all taped, in 1995,
• 01:11 but it's still good.
• 01:13 It's all about 1st-century Christians and
• 01:15 their everyday life.
• 01:17 Jeffrey: That's right.
• 01:18 Let's go to it. It's gonna be good.
• 01:19 David: Actually, today we start with the birth traditions
• 01:21 of the first Christians.
• 01:23 Let's go to our expert in Israel with Claire Pfann.
• 01:29 Claire Pfann: Most people in the time of Jesus came from an
• 01:30 agricultural background and lived in simple dwellings just
• 01:33 like this, one-room homes in which all of the activities of
• 01:37 daily life were carried out, including cooking, sleeping,
• 01:39 washing up and one activity which nowadays would be taken
• 01:44 care of at a hospital but which in the time of Jesus was always
• 01:46 taken care of in the home: childbirth.
• 01:51 Childbirth was greeted with great excitement, and children
• 01:53 were seen as a blessing of the Lord, but, of course, it was
• 01:56 also the moment in a woman's life when she faced the greatest
• 01:59 danger and the most anxiety, for very often in antiquity mothers
• 02:04 and children died at this critical moment.
• 02:10 We find that many young women were becoming mothers, having
• 02:14 first children before they even reached their 20s.
• 02:17 Childbirth was carried out in the family home and when a woman
• 02:21 went into labor it was common practice to send for the local
• 02:24 midwife to come and deliver the baby in the family home, with
• 02:27 the assistance, perhaps, of the mother-in-law and other women,
• 02:30 sisters, and aunts who might be sympathetic and
• 02:33 able to help out.
• 02:37 Water was heated both for washing the woman and
• 02:39 for the child after the delivery.
• 02:49 [speaking Hebrew]
• 02:51 Claire: Certain items were assembled in order
• 02:53 to take care of them.
• 02:54 These included oil, both for anointing the woman in order to
• 02:57 ease the delivery and also for anointing the baby after it
• 03:00 had been washed.
• 03:07 They also brought salt, which was rubbed into the baby's skin
• 03:11 in order to toughen it.
• 03:12 This was felt to be something that would be beneficial
• 03:15 and perhaps help prevent infection of the newborn.
• 03:23 Finally, the newborn child would be wrapped in swaddling clothes,
• 03:27 bound from its shoulders to its feet, with its arms and legs
• 03:30 extended straight.
• 03:32 It was a common belief in ancient times that this would
• 03:34 ensure that the arms and legs of the child would go straight and
• 03:38 strong and be firm and have a good foundation.
• 03:42 Children would be bound and left in their cradles.
• 03:45 Maybe once or twice a day they would be taken out of the
• 03:48 clothes, which by now would be soiled.
• 03:51 They would be cleaned, anointed with oil again, and perhaps a
• 03:54 crushed powder of dried myrtle leaves would be spread on them
• 03:58 sort of as a talcum powder to protect their skin.
• 04:02 Nursing was the main way of feeding a baby.
• 04:04 There didn't seem to be any alternatives and if a tragedy
• 04:07 struck, such as the death of the mother or her illness, it would
• 04:11 be a common practice to hire a wet nurse, to find someone who
• 04:14 could come and nurse that baby on behalf of the mother.
• 04:17 We know, also, that with a boy baby there would be a
• 04:21 celebration for about eight days following the birth of the
• 04:24 child, when the home would be opened to guests who could come
• 04:28 on a daily basis to visit the father, the mother,
• 04:30 and the new child.
• 04:31 At the end of these eight days, the child would be circumcised.
• 04:34 In New Testament times circumcision was carried out
• 04:37 by a physician.
• 04:39 With the birth of Jesus we also see reflected the practice of
• 04:42 announcing the baby's name at the circumcision, for it was
• 04:45 when he was eight days old and they had him circumcised that
• 04:48 then they announced his name would be called Jesus.
• 04:51 We know that this is a very ancient Jewish practice which is
• 04:53 still followed to this day.
• 04:55 In addition to the circumcision of a boy baby and the announcing
• 04:59 of his name, there was one other stricture from the Old Testament
• 05:04 which all Jews felt they must follow.
• 05:07 This was the command to redeem the firstborn sons.
• 05:10 If you remember, during the first Passover in Egypt,
• 05:13 the angel of death spared the firstborn sons of
• 05:15 the Israelites.
• 05:17 As a result, God commanded that the firstborn sons from then on
• 05:21 belonged to him and every firstborn son in a Jewish family
• 05:25 should be redeemed by paying 5 shekels to the priests.
• 05:30 At various times in Israel's history this 5-shekel redemption
• 05:34 price was paid either to the local priest or to the temple.
• 05:38 In Luke chapter 2 we see Mary and Joseph going up to the
• 05:41 temple to pay the 5 shekels redemption price for Jesus
• 05:43 at his dedication.
• 05:47 ♪♪♪
• 05:57 Zola Levitt: Well, here is a cave very similar to the cave
• 06:01 where Jesus was born, laid in a manger.
• 06:04 You know, we make a wooden barn out of these things, when we
• 06:08 make a nativity set, and then we have a nice clean straw
• 06:12 and a wooden cradle and so on.
• 06:14 I'm afraid it was more like this.
• 06:16 They didn't have wooden buildings in Israel.
• 06:18 They don't now.
• 06:20 There's not enough trees for that.
• 06:21 Animals are kept in cave sometimes, a fire built at the
• 06:25 front to ward off predators, and back in there we got
• 06:30 the Son of God.
• 06:32 Babies are important to Judaism like they are anywhere mostly
• 06:35 because they come into a covenant.
• 06:39 Every baby since the birth of Isaac comes into the covenant
• 06:43 that God made with Abraham, very, very important and
• 06:47 everlasting covenant, a berith olam, and it's about the land.
• 06:55 It's about the blessing to all nations.
• 06:57 It's about so many things.
• 06:59 The main thing is its immutable, unchangeable, doesn't depend
• 07:02 on Jewish behavior, doesn't depend on anything.
• 07:05 It's God's promise to Abraham and what's extremely important
• 07:08 about is it runs right through the new covenant and the other
• 07:12 nations of the Gentiles come to faith just by the same way,
• 07:15 through the Abrahamic covenant.
• 07:17 A baby born--any Jewish son, at least, has the berith,
• 07:24 a circumcision ceremony.
• 07:26 There is a new covenant enforced now, of course, but the berith
• 07:33 goes on, the Abrahamic covenant into which the Jewish
• 07:37 babies enter.
• 07:39 And how much law do they keep, the Gentiles when they come?
• 07:44 That's the question.
• 07:46 Gentile babies don't have a ceremony particularly to go into
• 07:50 the Abrahamic covenant, but when they come to the Messiah they do
• 07:53 enter the covenant.
• 07:54 Gentile salvation is all about Abraham.
• 07:57 You know, the debate of the 1st century was, when it came
• 08:00 to Gentile salvation, how much law should they keep?
• 08:04 How much should they know?
• 08:06 Can they really believe in the Jewish Messiah without
• 08:08 understanding the Mosaic Law, without the circumcision?
• 08:12 This was the debate and particularly the Galatians
• 08:17 were concerned about it and consulted Paul about it.
• 08:20 "How are the Gentile saved?"
• 08:23 I can hear some people saying with Peter, perhaps,
• 08:26 "Circumcision really is necessary and knowledge
• 08:29 of the law really is necessary."
• 08:31 And others saying, "If it is liberty, if it is grace, and if
• 08:34 no works are necessary, then nothing else is necessary.
• 08:37 No law."
• 08:39 And that's, sort of, the side that Paul came down on.
• 08:42 If I look in Galatians 2:15 and 16 he presents the problem.
• 08:47 "We who are Jews by nature, and not sinners of the Gentiles,
• 08:51 knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the
• 08:54 law, but by the faith of Jesus Christ, even we have believed in
• 08:59 Jesus Christ, that we might be justified by the faith of
• 09:02 Christ, and not by the works of the law."
• 09:05 He's saying, "We are Jews, but we understand we who have come
• 09:07 to Christ, that we're not justified by keeping the law.
• 09:10 We're justified by the faith we put in the Messiah."
• 09:13 He says, "By--for by the works of the law shall
• 09:17 no flesh be justified."
• 09:18 Paul taught that the law did not bring anyone to salvation.
• 09:23 He went on this way, "O foolish Galatians," he became
• 09:28 exasperated with them in Galatians 3 with these
• 09:31 questions, "who hath bewitched you, that you should not obey
• 09:35 the truth, before whose eyes Jesus Christ hath been evidently
• 09:39 set forth, crucified among you?
• 09:42 This only would I learn of you, Received ye the Spirit by
• 09:45 the works of the law, or by the hearing of faith?"
• 09:48 He challenges them who really knew no law.
• 09:52 "Are you so foolish?
• 09:53 Having begun in the Spirit, are you now made perfect
• 09:56 by the flesh?"
• 09:57 And this is a discussion going on today.
• 09:59 How much do-gooding and how much faith does it take
• 10:04 to be a proper Christian?
• 10:06 Shall I put on a pretense of a high moral standard if
• 10:10 in my heart I feel wicked?
• 10:12 Shall I--what is the correct thing?
• 10:14 If I'm saved in the Spirit can I perfect myself in the flesh,
• 10:17 is the question.
• 10:19 He goes on, "Have you suffered so many things in vain?
• 10:21 If it be yet in vain.
• 10:23 He therefore that ministereth to you the Spirit, and worketh
• 10:26 miracles among you, doeth he it by the works of the law,
• 10:30 or by the hearing of faith?"
• 10:31 So, he makes a very interesting contrast here.
• 10:35 If miracles are happening, does that happen because people
• 10:38 are keeping a law or because people have faith?
• 10:41 And the answer is obvious and now here is the tie into
• 10:44 the Abrahamic covenant.
• 10:46 It is a thing you enter by faith.
• 10:49 "Even as Abraham believed God, and it was accounted to him
• 10:52 for righteousness.
• 10:54 Know ye therefore that they which are of faith, the same
• 10:57 are the children of Abraham.
• 11:00 And the Scripture, foreseeing that God would justify the
• 11:04 heathen through faith, preached before the gospel unto Abraham,
• 11:07 saying, In thee shall all nations be blessed."
• 11:11 It's a forecast, Paul teaches, of Gentile salvation.
• 11:13 That God said to Abraham, "In you all nations
• 11:17 will be blessed."
• 11:18 Nations are, in Hebrew, goy, Gentiles.
• 11:21 If other nations are blessed through Abraham,
• 11:24 then they are not the Jews.
• 11:26 They are other nations, and he concludes, "So then they which
• 11:30 be of faith are blessed with faithful Abraham."
• 11:34 ♪♪♪
• 11:45 announcer: Our resource this week, the series
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• 12:45 Kirsten: When this program first aired in 1995 there was
• 12:48 not a thing called social media.
• 12:50 I'm kinda really glad that we have all that now.
• 12:53 We can get in touch with each other, we can share videos and
• 12:56 share information so fast, and at "Zola Levitt Presents"
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• 13:17 Now let's go back to 1995 with Zola Levitt.
• 13:23 Zola: Well, as we think about Jesus's birth then,
• 13:25 he was circumcised.
• 13:27 He came to the temple.
• 13:28 Simeon and Anna waited for him to come.
• 13:31 He was the firstborn.
• 13:33 Firstborns were important in Judaism, obviously, and they
• 13:36 were considered already redeemed, an earthly kind
• 13:40 of redemption.
• 13:42 When Jesus came, of course, he presented a more excellent way,
• 13:46 an eternal redemption.
• 13:48 You know, where fertility is concerned, God's not against it.
• 13:51 Now, the first page of the Bible, he says, Genesis 1:28,
• 13:56 "Be fruitful and multiply and replenish the earth."
• 13:59 He's all for it, but in a spiritual manner.
• 14:03 Unbelievers without this law have abused the privilege
• 14:07 of fertility.
• 14:08 One is reminded of the Babylonians with
• 14:11 their goddess Ishtar.
• 14:13 She was a goddess of fertility and every spring they held
• 14:17 fertility rights to have more babies, to try to repopulate,
• 14:22 because they weren't living according to this law.
• 14:25 And every disease that came down the road, they got it,
• 14:28 the people died and instead of living in a more continent way
• 14:32 they thought they would fight it by having more births.
• 14:35 It was hopeless.
• 14:36 The Babylonians are extinct, along with their fertility
• 14:38 rights, the worship of the things that were fertile
• 14:43 in nature: the rabbit.
• 14:45 The trees were putting on new clothes, so they
• 14:47 bought new outfits.
• 14:49 They painted eggs and played with them.
• 14:50 All this stuff has come to us along with Ishtar in the word
• 14:54 "Easter," and we've somehow laminated it onto the Lord's
• 14:58 resurrection.
• 14:59 The Festival of Firstfruits certainly doesn't belong there.
• 15:03 We think of the Egyptians and their incontinent living.
• 15:07 God promised the children of Israel when they came out in the
• 15:11 Exodus that if they would live according to this law they would
• 15:15 have none of the diseases of Egypt, and people who live other
• 15:17 than of this law do get these terrible plagues, even today.
• 15:24 God often promised children among the Jewish people.
• 15:28 The Bible is simply full of that.
• 15:29 One of the most important, of course, was the promise of
• 15:33 Isaac through Abraham.
• 15:35 God came to Abraham and said he would have this son and,
• 15:40 you know, they laughed, Abraham and Sarah.
• 15:43 They were old.
• 15:45 He ended up being called Isaac, Yischaq in Hebrew, laughter, and
• 15:49 the same name is Yitzhak Rabin, which we're familiar with.
• 15:54 Isaac was, in effect, the first Jew, so God promised the birth
• 15:59 of the firstborn Jew and, of course, Isaac entered the
• 16:03 covenant and was circumcised and so on.
• 16:06 At the time when God promised, Abraham wept, and he said,
• 16:11 "Oh, that Ishmael might live before thee."
• 16:14 And God said there in Genesis 17, "I remember Ishmael,
• 16:19 and I'll make of him many nations.
• 16:21 Twelve princes will come from him."
• 16:23 But in Genesis 17:22 he said, "But my covenant
• 16:27 I make with Isaac."
• 16:28 That's extremely important today, because descendants of
• 16:32 Ishmael are claiming this land, which the covenant is about,
• 16:35 but God said, "I make the covenant with Isaac."
• 16:38 The land covenant ultimately comes from Abraham to Isaac to
• 16:41 Jacob to Judah and the 12 and so on, the tribes of Israel.
• 16:45 Another forecast, extremely important, is the promise
• 16:50 of the King of the Jews.
• 16:52 Not just the first Jew, but ultimately the ruling Jewish
• 16:56 man, Jesus, promised in Isaiah 7:14, "Behold, a virgin
• 17:02 shall conceive."
• 17:04 And, oh, we know and love this prophecy.
• 17:07 His birth was something so special that people
• 17:09 were watching for it, I suppose, for centuries.
• 17:14 If you really could analyze all the prophecies in those days,
• 17:17 Daniel's placement in time, it would be before the destruction
• 17:21 of the temple.
• 17:23 Micah's placement as to the town, "But thou, O Bethlehem
• 17:28 Ephratah, though thou be little among the thousands of Judah,
• 17:31 out of thee will come he whose whose goings forth have been
• 17:33 from everlasting," the ruler of Israel and so on.
• 17:37 If you could put all that together, you would kinda know
• 17:40 where and when to look, but, in any case, when our Lord was born
• 17:44 in a cave like the cave here people then remembered
• 17:48 about Isaiah, indeed.
• 17:50 You know the writers of the Dead Sea Scrolls felt that Isaiah,
• 17:54 his prophecies, pertained to Messiah, although now it's
• 18:00 argued sometimes Isaiah 53 and some of the other key passages
• 18:03 really are about the land and so on as people read the prophet
• 18:07 and try to escape the Messiah for whatever reasons.
• 18:10 That prophecy of the King was intensified in Isaiah 9:6 and 7,
• 18:16 "Unto us a child is born, a son is given."
• 18:19 So very important in the Jewish parlance, so births of babies
• 18:25 were everything to the Jewish people.
• 18:28 You know, the seven feasts of Israel are powerful.
• 18:31 They come in a peculiar kind of calendar.
• 18:35 Passover is first the 14th day of the first month.
• 18:38 Unleavened Bread starts the next night and goes on for a week.
• 18:42 First Fruits is during that week, what we've come to call
• 18:44 Easter but should really call First Fruits.
• 18:47 Pentecost is 50 days later.
• 18:49 The Feast of Trumpets is the first day of the seventh month.
• 18:53 The Day of Atonement is the 10th day of that month.
• 18:55 The Feast of Tabernacles is the 15th day and those are given
• 19:00 in Leviticus 23.
• 19:02 Now, if I take an average pregnancy, if I look at the
• 19:06 development of you and me and every baby that ever was
• 19:10 developed in its mother's womb, it works this way: all
• 19:14 pregnancies begin on the 14th day of the first month,
• 19:18 like Passover.
• 19:19 I mean, all--on the average they do and then that egg that comes
• 19:23 as the Jewish symbol of Passover is the egg.
• 19:26 That egg that appears must be utilized in 24 hours.
• 19:30 In other words, by the start of Unleavened Bread the next night.
• 19:35 Then that egg travels, if utilized, to be implanted and
• 19:39 sometime during that week, depending just how fast it
• 19:43 travels, how long the tube, it implants, and so we have
• 19:48 First Fruits, a festival of planting.
• 19:51 And then, that little--what is called an embryo grows, and
• 19:56 we've all seen those seven rows of seven pictures in the
• 19:59 obstetrical books of a little tadpole-looking creature growing
• 20:04 and generalizing and so on.
• 20:06 And, finally and the 50th picture, becoming a new
• 20:11 creature, a human fetus.
• 20:13 That's the day you can get the heartbeat, the 50th day, and
• 20:16 that is 50 days until Pentecost, where new creatures were made.
• 20:20 Then there is a period of general growth for all of us,
• 20:24 for every baby, and the senses then start to develop.
• 20:28 Sight is not first because there's nothing to see there.
• 20:31 Hearing is first and the hearing develops at the first day of the
• 20:35 seventh month, just in time for the Feast of Trumpets.
• 20:39 Then the blood begins to change.
• 20:41 Fetal blood needs to change to adult blood so that the baby can
• 20:45 take its own oxygen, breathe its own air when it's born, and that
• 20:49 change occurs the--around the tenth day of the seventh month,
• 20:54 the Day of Atonement, the blood acceptable.
• 20:56 And then, on the 15th day of the 7th month, the tabernacles, the
• 21:01 houses of the Spirit, the lungs, are finished, and that is the
• 21:05 first day of a safe delivery, once the lungs are finished.
• 21:08 If we go all the way to the other month and a half to get
• 21:12 over--or on the Jewish calendar, over to the 25th day of the
• 21:16 month of Kislev, we will get a full 10 Jewish months,
• 21:23 ten 28-day months, 280 days, a full pregnancy.
• 21:27 That day is Hanukkah, the Feast of Rededication, new life,
• 21:32 and that is the birthday.
• 21:34 Any pregnancy will fit on that calendar of the seven feasts as
• 21:42 it is announced in Leviticus 23.
• 21:44 This is one of the most fascinating Bible studies
• 21:48 I've ever come across.
• 21:50 So, when babies are born God knows it.
• 21:53 He has a plan.
• 21:55 He has--the Scripture is full of the idea of he promises a child,
• 22:00 he sees it through.
• 22:02 It's a continuous process to birth and a miracle
• 22:06 in every case.
• 22:09 ♪♪♪
• 22:11 [singing in Hebrew]
• 24:18 ♪♪♪
• 24:31 Kirsten: That was the music
• 24:33 of Zipporah Bennett and that was in 1995, but she's still
• 24:36 singing, and she's very active in Israel and with the Messianic
• 24:40 music that she brings, yeah.
• 24:42 David: I've gotta say, too, there is something about putting
• 24:43 Scripture to music.
• 24:45 For centuries, people have been doing that and that's the way
• 24:47 that I learned Scripture, through music.
• 24:49 Kirsten: And that was Psalm 118, verse 15,
• 24:52 so it was kinda new.
• 24:54 It was ancient.
• 24:55 It was a while ago now, but it was ancient music
• 24:57 that she was singing.
• 24:59 Jeffrey: And speaking of for centuries, for centuries people
• 25:00 have been having babies and what's interesting is looking at
• 25:04 the birthing traditions of Jews, I should say.
• 25:09 That's distinct from--in Greco-Roman culture.
• 25:12 In the Jewish world there was an undying love
• 25:15 for children at birth.
• 25:17 In Greco-Roman culture children were disregarded oftentimes,
• 25:20 left at dumps.
• 25:22 If someone had a child with a deformity, they were
• 25:25 left at dumps.
• 25:26 In fact, infanticide was a state policy, interestingly.
• 25:30 By way of contradistinction in the Jewish world the children
• 25:34 were loved.
• 25:35 They were absorbed, they were taken in, but sometimes unwanted
• 25:38 girls were left at the dumps and picked up as prostitutes later.
• 25:42 It really happened a lot.
• 25:44 That's not hype.
• 25:46 When you look at the sources the ancients write about it often.
• 25:49 Kirsten: And I love--there is something interesting that Zola
• 25:51 taught on today.
• 25:52 I mean, you know, we know the Christmas story, that
• 25:55 Jesus was swaddled.
• 25:57 I just didn't realize it was to help straighten them out
• 26:00 and how tightly swaddled.
• 26:02 I just think that's interesting. Never knew that.
• 26:04 Jeffrey: It really is.
• 26:05 It is, and I learn new things all the time and that was
• 26:08 one of the things.
• 26:09 I hope you learn new things as a result of your participation
• 26:13 in "Zola Levitt" ministries.
• 26:16 If you don't participate please prayerfully consider doing that.
• 26:21 And why is that?
• 26:22 Many people believe that Christianity began with
• 26:24 Constantine in the 4th century.
• 26:26 Not so.
• 26:28 We're interested in the Jewish roots of the Christian faith,
• 26:30 and we like to look at the Bible.
• 26:32 We like to put Jewish views on these biblical views and explore
• 26:37 Yeshua in his host culture.
• 26:41 We think it's fascinating and if you do, too,
• 26:42 help us do it, please.
• 26:45 David: Next week, I believe we're talking about homes
• 26:47 of the first Christians, living conditions.
• 26:49 I don't think it was so great, how they lived back then.
• 26:53 Kirsten: I think it was small, but come back
• 26:55 and join us.
• 26:56 Jeffrey: Next week.
• 26:58 Until then, sha'alu shalom Yerushalayim.
• 27:00 David: Pray for the peace of Jerusalem.
• 27:04 [singing in Hebrew]
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